Q1. SENTENCE CORRECTION:
Experienced employers recognize that business students who can assimilate different points of view are more effective as managers rather than the brilliant and original students that dogmatically adhere to their formulations.
rather than the brilliant and original students that
rather than are the brilliant and original students who
instead of the brilliant and original students who
than are the brilliant and original students, who
as compared to the brilliant and original students, who
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Q2. SENTENCE CORRECTION:
Although Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of jobs by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor remains demanding.
the segregation of jobs by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor remains demanding.
the segregation of jobs by gender, lower pay for women as a group, and jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor remains demanding.
the segregation of jobs by gender, the lowering of pay for women as a group, and jobs requiring relatively low levels of skill and offering women little opportunity for advancement all persisting while women's household labor remains demanding.
job segregation by gender, lower pay pay for women as a group, relatively low level skilled jobs offering women little opportunity for advancement all persist, not to mention women's household labor remaining demanding.
the segregation of jobs by gender, the lower pay for women as a group, the jobs that require low levels of skill with little opportunity for advancement all persist, as well as women's household labor remains demanding. |
Q3. CRITICAL REASONING
Body temperature varies over a 24-hour period, with a low point roughly between 4 a.m. and 5 a.m. Speed of reaction varies in line with body temperature, such that whenever body temperature is low, speed of reaction is low. If low body temperatures caused slow reaction, the speed of reaction should increase if we artificially raised body temperature during the period 4 a.m. to 5 a.m. But the speed of reaction does not increase.
Which one of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the above statements?
Low speeds of reaction cause low body temperature.
Low speeds of reaction do not cause low body temperature.
Low body temperatures do not cause low speeds of reaction.
Low body temperatures cause low speeds of reaction.
Artificially raising body temperature causes increased speed of reaction. |
Q4. CRITICAL REASONING
There are tests to detect some of the rare genetic flaws that increase the likelihood of certain diseases. If these tests are performed, then a person with a rare genetic flaw that is detected can receive the appropriate preventive treatment. Since it costs the health-care system less to prevent a disease than to treat it after it has occurred, widespread genetic screening will reduce the overall cost of health care.
The argument assumes which of the following?
Most diseases linked to rare genetic flaws are preventable.
The cost of treating patients who would, in the absence of screening, develop diseases that are linked to rare genetic flaws would be more than the combined costs of widespread screening and preventive treatment.
The tests available currently to detect some of the rare genetic flaws are reliable in their prediction of occurrence of certain diseases.
The health care system can afford the cost of screening for rare genetic flaws using the tests.
There are no other factors contributing to the likely occurrence of certain diseases than the rare genetic flaws. |
Q5-Q9 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE. READING COMPREHENSION
How does the brain know when carbohydrates have
been or should be consumed? The answer to this question
is not known, but one element in the explanation seems to be
the neurotransmitter serotonin, one of a class of chemical
[5] mediators that may be released from a presynaptic neuron
and that cause the transmission of a nerve impulse across
a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic neuron. In general,
it has been found that drugs that selectivly facilitate
serotonin-mediated neurotransmission tend to cause weight
[10] loss, whereas drugs that block serotonin-mediated
transmission have often the opposite effect: they often induce
carbohydrate craving and consequent weight gain.
Seratonin is a derivative of tryptophan, an amino acid
that is normally present at low levels in the bloodstream.
[15] The rate of conversion is affected by the proportion of
carbohydrates in an individual's diet: carbohydrates stimulate the
secretion of insulin, facilitating the uptake of most amino acids
into peripheral tissues such as muscles. Blood tryptophan levels,
however, are unaffected by insulin so that the proportion of
[20] tryptophan in the blood relative to the other amino acids
increases when carbohydrates are consumed. Since tryptophan
competes with other amino acides for transport across the blood-
brain barrier into the brain, insulin secretion indirectly speeds
tryptophan's entry into the central nervous system, where,
[25] in special cluster of neurons, it is converted into serotonin.
The level of serotonin in the brain in turn affects
the amount of carbohydrate an individual chooses to eat.
Rats that are allowed to choose among synthetic foods
containing different proportions of carbohydrate and protein
[30] will normally alternate between foods containing mostly
protein and those containing mostly carbohydrate. However,
if rats are given drugs that enhance the effects of serotonin,
the rats' carbohydrate intake is reduced. On the other hand
when rats are given drugs that interrupt serotonin-
[35] mediated neurotransmission, their brains fail to respond when
carbohydrates are eaten so that the desire for them persists.
In human beings a serotonin-like drug,d -fenfluramine
(which releases serotonin into brain synapses and
then prolongs its action by blocking its reabsorption
into presynaptic neuron), selectively suppresses carbo-
[40] hydrate snacking (and its associated weight gain) in people
who crave carbohydrates. In contrast, drugs that block
serotonin-mediated transmission or that interact with neuro-
transmitters other than serotonin have the opposite effect: they
often induce carbohydrate craving and subsequent weight gain.
[45] People who crave carbohydrates report feeling refreshed and
invigorated after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal (which
would be expected to increase brain serotonin levels).
In contrast, those who do not crave carbohydrates become
sleepy following a high-carbohydrate meal. These findings
[50] indicate that serotonin has other effects that may be useful
indicators of serotonin levels in human beings. |
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Q5. Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
The body's need for carbohydrates varies with the level of serotonin in the blood.
The body's use of carbohydrates can be regulated by the administration of serotoninlike drugs.
The role of serotonin in regulating the consumption of carbohydrates is similar in rats and in humans.
The body's desire for carbohydrates can be influenced by serotonin or serotoninlike drugs.
Tryptophan initiates a chain of events that regulates the body's use of carbohydrates.
Q6. The term "rate" in line 15 refers to the rate at which
Serotonin is produced from tryptophan
Carbohydrates are taken into the body.
carbohydrates stimulate the secretion of insulin.
insulin facilitates the uptake of amino acids into peripheral tissues.
tryptophan enters the bloodstream.
Q7. It can be inferred that a person is likely to crave carbohydrates when
the amount of insulin produced is too high.
the amount of serotonin in the brain is too low.
more tryptophan than usual crosses the blood-brain barrier into the brain.
neurotransmission by neurotransmitters other than serotonin is interrupted.
amino acids other than tryptophan are taken up by peripheral tissues.
Q8. The information in the passage indicates that if humans were given a drug that inhibits the action of serotonin, which one of the following might be expected to occur?
Subjects would probably show a preference for carbohydrate-rich snacks rather than protein-rich snacks.
Subjects would probably become sleepy after eating a carbohydrate-rich meal.
Subjects would be more likely to lose weight than before they took the drug.
Subjects' blood tryptophan levels would probably increase.
Subjects' desire for both carbohydrates and proteins would increase.
Q9. It can be inferred that after a person has taken d-fenfluramine, he or she will probably be
inclined to gain weight.
sleepy much of the time.
unlikely to crave carbohydrates.
unable to sleep as much as usual.
likely to secrete more insulin than usual.
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Q10. SENTENCE CORRECTION
Defining a medical practitioner as 'any individual whose occupation
is basically concerned with the care of the sick', the number
of women medical practitioners in the city of London was estimated at 60
in 1560 by the researchers.
the number of women medical practitioners in the city of London was
estimated at 60 in 1560 by the researchers.
the women medical practitioners in the city of London was estimated
at 60 in 1560 according to the researchers.
in 1560, the number of women medical practitioners was estimated to be
60 in the city of London by the researchers.
the researchers estimated the number of women medical practitioners in
in the city of London at 60 in 1560.
the researchers estimated the number of women medical practitioners
in the city of London to be 60 in 1560.
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Q11. SENTENCE CORRECTION
Just when bankruptcy reform appears headed for a certain passage
in the Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp raise in personal
bankruptcies over the next few years signalling much pain for the many
hard-pressed households, little, if any, gain for lenders, and major
problems for the overall economy.
Just when bankruptcy reform appears headed for a certain passage in the
Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp raise in
Even as bankruptcy reform appears headed for a certain passage in the
Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp rise in
While the bankruptcy reform appears headed for a certain passage in the
Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp rising of
Although the bankruptcy reform appears headed for a certain passage in the
Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp rise of
Despite the bankruptcy reform appearing to head for a certain passage in
the Congress, the economic omens point to a sharp rise in
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Q12. SENTENCE CORRECTION
The President of Japan's Nissan Motor Company, Carlos Ghosn, is a
globalist with Lebanese heritage, French education, and Brazilian
passport, who earned his spurs as an aggressive
turnaround artist at Michelin and, later, at Renault.
The President of Japan's Nissan Motor Company, Carlos Ghosn, is a
globalist with Lebanese heritage, French education, and Brazilian
passport, who earned his spurs
The President of Japan's Nissan Motor Company, Carlos Ghosn, is a
globalist with Lebanese heritage, French education, and Brazilian
passport, having his spurs earned
A globalist with Lebanese heritage, French education, and Brazilian
passport, the President of Japan's Nissan Motor Company,
Carlos Ghosn, earned his spurs
As a globalist, the President of Japan's Nissan Motor Company,
Carlos Ghosn, with Lebanese heritage, French education, and
Brazilian passport, earned his spurs
Being of Lebanese heritage, French education, and Brazilian passport,
the Presidentof Japan's Nissan Motor Company, Carlos, Ghosn,
earned his spurs
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Q13. CRITICAL REASONING
A certain experimental fungicide causes no harm to garden plants if it is diluted at least to ten parts water to one part fungicide. Moreover, this fungicide is known to be so effective against powdery mildew that it has the capacity to eliminate it completely from rose plants. Thus this fungicide, as long as it is sufficiently diluted, provides a means of eliminating powdery mildew from rose plants, without entailing any risk of harm to the other garden plants.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
There is no alternative method to application of fungicide for eliminating powdery mildew from rose plants without harming other garden plants.
When the fungicide is sufficiently diluted, it does not pose any harm to people, animals, or beneficial garden insects.
Powdery mildew is the only fungal infection affecting rose plants.
There are no antidotes available if the fungicide is not sufficiently diluted inadvertently.
The effectiveness of the fungicide on powedery mildew does not depend on its concentration levels greater than one part in ten parts of water.
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Q14. CRITICAL REASONING
From an analysis of broken pottery and statuary, archaeologists have estimated that an ancient settlement in southwestern Arabia was established around 1000 B.C. However, new evidence suggests that the settlement is considerably older: tests show that a piece of building timber recently uncovered at the site is substantially older than the pottery and statuary.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the conclusion drawn from the new evidence?
The building timber bore marks indicating that it had been salvaged from an earlier settlement.
The pieces of pottery and fragments of statues anlayzed come from several parts of the site.
The tests used to determine the age of the pottery and statuary had been devised more recently than those used to determine the age of the building lumbar.
The type of pottery found at the site is similar to the type of pottery associated with civilizations that existed before 1000 B.C.
The site has yielded many more samples of pottery and statuary than of building lumbar.
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Q15. CRITICAL REASONING
Financial success does not guarantee happiness. This claim is not a proverbial wisdom but a fact verified by statistics. In a recently concluded survey, only one-third of the respondents who claimed to have achieved financial success reported that they were happy.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion drawn from the survey results?
Most of the respondents who claimed to be financially successful were in fact financially successful.
Respondents to surveys on financial success have been known to exaggerate their level of achievement in the past surveys.
Many of the respondents who claimed to have achieved financial success and to be unhappy were happy in the past.
Many of the respondents who claimed to be not financially successful were, in fact, financially successful.
Most of the respondents who reported that they were happy were indeed happy.
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Q16-20 ARE BASED ON THIS PASSAGE. READING COMPREHENSION
(This passage was excerpted from an article that
was published in 1982. All temperatures are in degrees Celcius.)
Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls
to maintain constant body temperature (in humans, 37o C).
Why then during sickness should temperature rise, apparently
increasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been
[5] known that the level of serum iron in animals falls
during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship
between fever and iron. He found that microbial synthesis
of siderophores -- substances that bind iron -- in bacteria
of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental
[10] temperatures above 37o C and stopped at 40.3o C.
Thus, fever would make it difficult for an infecting
bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply.
Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis
because their body temperatures can be controlled in
[15] the laboratory. Kluger reported that of iguanas infected
with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia,
more survived at temperatures of 42o than at 37o,
even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature.
When animals at 42o were injected with an iron solution,
[20] however, mortality rates increased significantly.
Research to determine whether similar phenomena occur
in warm-blooded animals is sorely needed.
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16. The passage is primarily concerned with attempts to determine
the role of siderophores in the synthesis of serum iron.
new treatment for infections caused by A. hydrophilia.
the function of fever in warm-blooded animals.
the mechanisms that ensure constant body temperature.
iron utilization in cold-blooded animals.
17. According to the passage, Garibaldi determined which of the following?
That serum iron is produced through microbial synthesis.
That microbial synthesis of siderophores in warm-blooded animals is more efficient at higher temperatures.
That only iron bound to other substances can be used by bacteria.
That there is a relationship between the synthesis of siderophores in bacteria of the genus Salmonella and environmental temperatures.
That bacteria of the genus Salmonella require iron as a nutrient.
18. Which of the following can be inferred about warm-blooded animals solely on the basis of information in the passage?
The body temperatures of warm-blooded animals cannot be easily controlled in the laboratory.
Warm-blooded animals require more iron in periods of stress than they do at other times.
Warm-blooded animals are more comfortable at an environmental temperatures of 37 degrees than they are at a tempterature of 42 degrees.
In warm-blooded animals, bacteria are responsible for the production of siderophores, which, in turn, make iron available to the animal.
In warm-blooded animals, infections that lead to fever are usually traceable to bacteria.
19. If it were to be determined that "similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals" (lines 21-22), which of the following, assuming each is possible, is likely to be the most effective treatment for warm-blooded animals with bacterial infection?
Administering a medication that lowers the animals' body temperature.
Injecting the animals with an iron solution.
Administering a medication that makes serum iron unavailable to bacteria.
Providing the animals with reduced-iron diets.
Keeping the animals in an environment with temperatures higher than 37 degrees Celcius.
20. In Kluger's experiment with Iguanas, the passage supports which of the following about why the animals at 42 degrees died when injected with an iron solution?
Because the healty Iguanas prefer lower temperature than 42 degrees.
Because the lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia multiplies rapidly at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.
Because, although higher temperatures make it difficult for the invading bacterium to acquire iron through synthesis and multiply, the injected iron solution fed the bacteria and allowed them to multiply, killing the animals.
Because Iguanas are warm-blooded and cannot tolerate higher levels of serum iron.
Because the bacterium of the genus A. hydrophilia is more lethal than bacterium of the genus Salmonella.
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Q23. SENTENCE CORRECTION
There is a growing concern among the industry leaders that the New Economy
companies are not as adept at managing their inventories
as their old-line counterparts and, consequently, vulnerable to the
vagaries of market realities.
at managing their inventories as their old-line counterparts and,
consequently, vulnerable
at managing their inventories than their old-line counterparts and,
consequently, are vulnerable
at managing their inventories as well as their old-line counterparts and,
consequently, are vulnerable
at managing their inventories as their old-line counterparts were and,
consequently, are vulnerable
with managing their inventories as their old-line counterparts are and,
consequently, were vulnerable
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Q24. SENTENCE CORRECTION
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Rober H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark make clear the United States of America and Europe
virtually changed places in the productivity sweepstakes during the 1990's.
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Robert H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark make clear
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Robert H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark makes clear
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Robert H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark makes clear that
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Robert H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark make clear that
A new Conference Board analysis by economists Robert H. McGuckin and
Bart van Ark makes it clear that
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Q25. SENTENCE CORRECTION
It is widely believed in the papermaking industry that unless mills
run continuously, a firm cannot make money and waste, estimated at 30%
of overall mill cost, resulting from changing products 'on the run' is
inevitable while the machine is achieving 'on grade' performance.
a firm cannot make money and waste, estimated at 30% of overall mill cost,
resulting from changing products 'on the run'
a firm cannot make money and waste resulting from changing products
'on the run', estimated at 30% of overall mill cost
a firm cannot make money and that waste, estimated at 30% of overall mill
cost and resulting from changing products 'on the run',
money cannot be made by a firm and waste, estimated at 30% of overall mill
cost, resulting from changing products 'on the run'
that a firm cannot make money and that waste, estimated at 30% of overall
mill cost, resulting from changing products 'on the run'
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